Advancements in delivering RNA therapies using physical transdermal drug delivery methods

RNA therapies, including mRNA, siRNA, and miRNA, hold tremendous potential for treating various pathological conditions, ranging from cancer to genetic disorders. However, their successful clinical application depends on the development of efficient and patient-friendly delivery systems. This review explores advancements in physical transdermal drug delivery (TDD) methods as innovative platforms for delivering RNA therapeutics. Techniques such as microneedles, iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, jet injections, and laser radiation are highlighted for their ability to overcome traditional delivery challenges, enabling localized and systemic RNA delivery through the skin with enhanced stability, efficacy, controlled release, and reduced patient discomfort. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, mechanisms, and advantages of these methods, along with a detailed summary of recent studies in the literature, highlighting future research and clinical application opportunities.