Alterations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine and angiotensin ii during the development of renal hypertension in conscious dogs

The levels of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and angiotensin II immunoreactivity (AIIIr) in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured in eight conscious dogs before and during a 28-day period in the development of two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension produced by a two-step procedure. The early phase (< 7 days) of hypertension following partial constriction of the renal artery was accompanied by tachycardia and increases in concentrations of NE and AIIIrin both plasma and CSF; E did not change. One week later blood pressure remained elevated (107 ± 2 after vs 88 ± 2 mm Hg before clipping, p < 0.05), but other variables returned to control values. Occlusion of the partially constricted renal artery caused severe hypertension that was initially associated with a transient decrease in levels of NE in both plasma and CSF and a sustained rise in plasma and CSF concentrations of AIIIrthat persisted for as long as 2 weeks after the second operation. None of these effects was seen in nine sham-operated dogs. Since activation of the renal pressor system is associated with time-related changes in the concentrations of NE and AH in both plasma and CSF, these observations indicate early involvement of both sympathetic and reninangiotensin systems in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension.