Biophysical Technologies for Management of Wound Bioburden

<p> <strong> Significance: </strong> Chronic wounds commonly have high levels of bioburden and antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This review article focuses on findings from current literature related to four biophysical technologies (ultrasound, electrical stimulation, phototherapy, and negative pressure wound therapy) believed to be beneficial for managing wound bioburden and support healing. <p id="x-x-__p2"> <strong> Recent Advances and Critical Issues: </strong> Recent advances for each modality are provided as a basic synopsis of the technology followed by brief overviews of the most recent literature addressing its effectiveness for managing wound bioburden, and critical issues for each modality are provided as conclusions. <p id="x-x-__p3"> <strong> Future Directions: </strong> This review highlights the need for further clinically relevant studies examining bacterial levels in addition to healing progression for each technology. </p> </p></p>