Celiac Disease: Beyond Gluten – Economic Burdens and Psychosocial Impacts

Background/Objective: Celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, affects 0.7%–2.9% of the global population, with many cases remaining undiagnosed. This review explores the multifaceted burdens of CD, focusing on both economic and psychosocial dimensions. Methods: The available literature on CD’s economic and psychosocial impacts was reviewed, emphasizing costs associated with diagnostic tests, routine care, gluten-free diets, and indirect burdens such as work absenteeism. Psychosocial aspects, including social isolation, anxiety, and reduced quality of life (QoL), particularly among children coping with dietary restrictions in social contexts, were also examined. Results: Findings indicate that the economic and psychosocial challenges of CD are interrelated and amplified by diagnostic delays and insufficient awareness among healthcare professionals and the public. The cumulative burden extends beyond direct medical expenses to affect productivity, emotional well-being, and social functioning. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, nutritional counseling encouraging naturally gluten-free foods, improved support systems, and broader awareness initiatives are essential to reduce costs, promote adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), and enhance quality of life for individuals with CD.