Epidemiology of Endodontic Treatment in Far North Queensland, Australia: A Retrospective Observational Study of 11 Years

Objectives: This retrospective observational study assessed demographics, geographical influences, and diagnostic trends in patients receiving endodontic treatment at James Cook University dental clinics between 2011 and 2022. Patient demographics (sex and age), treatment timing, and care types were examined, with a focus on regional and rural disparities in access to endodontic care. Material and Methods: Data were extracted from electronic dental records from 2011 to 2022 using service item codes under the “Endodontics section (codes 411–459)” of the Australian Schedule of Dental Services and Glossary. The Modified Monash Model framework was used to assess geographical disparities in treatment access. Results: Females sought treatment earlier than males, who often presented later with more severe symptoms. Older males were more likely to present with pulpal necrosis and chronic apical abscesses, whereas females had higher rates of previously initiated endodontic therapy and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. A total of 2932 patients were treated, with tooth 46 being the most treated (7.54%). Conclusions: Significant geographical disparities in endodontic treatment timing exist, with rural and remote patients experiencing delays in treatment. These findings highlight the need for improved access to specialized dental care, particularly in underserved areas.