@article{f50d26d264224236ae6ed79583d3b9b4,
title = "Long-Term Memory for the Terrorist Attack of September 11: Flashbulb Memories, Event Memories, and the Factors",
abstract = " More than 3,000 individuals from 7 U.S. cities reported on their memories of learning of the terrorist attacks of September 11, as well as details about the attack, 1 week, 11 months, and/or 35 months after the assault. Some studies of flashbulb memories examining long-term retention show slowing in the rate of forgetting after a year, whereas others demonstrate accelerated forgetting. This article indicates that (a) the rate of forgetting for flashbulb memories and event memory (memory for details about the event itself) slows after a year, (b) the strong emotional reactions elicited by flashbulb events are remembered poorly, worse than nonemotional features such as where and from whom one learned of the attack, and (c) the content of flashbulb and event memories stabilizes after a year. The results are discussed in terms of community memory practices.",
keywords = "Data Collection, Emotions, Feedback, Follow-Up Studies, Mental Recall, Perceptual Distortion, Reality Testing, Retention, September 11 Terrorist Attacks, flashbulb memories, long-term retention, event memory, emotional memory, memory practices",
author = "Wiliam Hirst and Buckner, \{Randy L.\} and Johnson, \{Marcia K.\} and Lyle, \{Keith B.\} and Robert Meksin and Ochsner, \{Kevin N.\} and Simons, \{Jon S.\} and Phelps, \{Elizabeth A.\} and Budson, \{Andrew E.\} and Gabrieli, \{John D. E.\} and Cindy Lustig and Mara Mather and Mitchell, \{Karen J.\} and Schacter, \{Daniel L.\} and Vaidya, \{Chandan J.\} and Alexandru Cuc",
note = "(c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.",
year = "2009",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1037/a0015527",
language = "American English",
volume = "138",
pages = "161--176",
journal = "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General",
issn = "0096-3445",
publisher = "American Psychological Association",
number = "2",
}