Management of Smoking Cessation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

In the United States, 15.2% of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus use tobacco, contributing to higher rates of cardiovascular disease, cancer, hepatic fibrosis, poor glycemic control, and premature mortality. Nicotine replacement therapy and/or varenicline are effective for smoking cessation but vary in success rates, tolerability, and weight impact. Electronic cigarettes as a cessation tool are controversial. Although they may aid in short-term smoking reduction, long-term safety and efficacy remain unproven. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists are not superior to established therapies for smoking cessation but may hold promise as adjuncts due to their effects on weight and the reward pathways.