Otitis Media Causes in Children and the Role of Osteopathic Manipulative Techniques in its Treatment

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the disease process of pathogens in the middle ear space while considering the effectiveness of treatment methods. Background: Otitis Media (OM) is a common infection of the middle ear, presenting in acute, chronic, and effusion forms. It is characterized by erythematous inflammation of the middle ear space spanning from the tympanic membrane to the end of the eustachian tube, and is often accompanied by fever, earache, and often temporary hearing loss. While OM can affect all age groups, it disproportionately impacts children under the age of 6 and is a leading cause of emergency room visits in this population. This prevalence is partly due to the anatomical differences and the developing mechanism of middle ear drainage in young children. Methods: In this study, we investigate bacterial pathogens responsible for OM including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus . influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis highlighting their distinct mode of transmission and pathogenicity. We also examine the role of upper respiratory tract infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses, as co-pathogens in the progression of OM. Lastly, we explore the potential of osteopathic manipulative techniques (OMT) as a non-invasive, drug-free approach to improve middle ear drainage. Results: OMT can reduce symptoms and recurrence without contributing to antimicrobial resistance, offering a safer and more sustainable treatment option for pediatric patients. Conclusion: OMT can play a role as adjuvant therapy for OM. Grants: None.