Potential association between Fusobacterium nucleatum enrichment on oral mucosal surface and oral lichen planus

Objective: We determined the bacterial community structure of the buccal mucosa in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and evaluated the potential association of Fusobacterium nucleatum with OLP. Subjects and Methods: We collected buccal mucosal swab samples of patients with OLP (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 10) and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and real-time PCR to determine potentially different bacteria. Damaged and adjacent non-damaged mucosal swab samples of 25 OLP patients were used to detect the amount of F. nucleatum by real-time PCR. Results: Compared with healthy controls, enrichment of Fusobacterium and Granulicatella was more abundant in patients with OLP (p =.0146 and 0.0034). The abundance of Fusobacterium and F. nucleatum was significantly enriched on buccal mucosa of patients with OLP compared with healthy controls (p =.0043 and 0.0235). Compared with adjacent non-damaged buccal mucosa of OLP patients, the amount of F. nucleatum in the damaged mucosa was significantly increased (p =.001). We examined third-level KEGG pathways for bacteria on mucosal surface and found that genes controlling sporulation and ether lipid metabolism were enriched in patients with OLP. Conclusions: A high amount of F. nucleatum may be associated with OLP. Further studies are required to investigate the precise association of F. nucleatum with OLP.