Radiolabeled Theranostics

Emerging advances in nanoparticle-based molecular imaging and therapeutic systems have great benefits in the biomedical applications. Accordingly, the functionalized metal nanohybrids (NHs) may contain different types of homing agent (e.g., antibody, peptides, aptamers, etc.), imaging agent (e.g., radionuclides and fluorophores), and targeting agent. These advanced NHs can be used for targeted diagnosis and therapy of different diseases such as various malignancies. Besides, the recent progress in the field of imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) has highlighted the importance of the multifunctional radiolabeled hybrid NPs (RHNPs). These advanced NHs, as theranostics, offer great capability for simultaneous prognosis, visualization/monitoring, and treatment of diseased cells/tissues in various malignancies. Of these NHs, radiolabeled nanosystems appear to provide significantly improved clinical outcomes. In this chapter, we will discuss the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and their hybrid nanoparticles (Au-MHNPs) as radiolabeled nanoparticles for targeted diagnosis and therapy.